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Teori Asal Usul Kehidupan

 Seneng banget rasanya blog ini semakin hari semakin banyak pengunjung mengalahkan blog saya yang ini ne dengan golongan darah MN yang merajai pageviews untuk sementara waktu ini, mengalahkan post istilah-istilah dalam genetika. Semakin terpacu jadinya untuk mengupdate setiap waktu, minimal satu post sehari (ngarepnya sih begitu dan semoga bisa lebih dari itu).

... dan untuk update hari ini sesuai dengan judul post di atas, terpampang dengan amat jelas yaitu beberapa teori yang mengungkapkan asal usul mahluk hidup.

Cekidot...!!!

Benarkah mahluk hidup merupakan hasil evolusi? Jika jawabannya iya maka harus jelas asal muasal dari materi pembentuknya. Jika jawabannya tidak, gak taulah coz saya gak berani beopini dikarenakan masih dangkal ilmu. Makanya yok kita belajar biologi bareng disini dengan menggunakan fasilitas blogger. Misalkan saya ambil contoh dari manusia seperti kita ini. Menurut teori evolusi yang sering didengungkan bahwa manusia berasal dari kera. Hal ini mungkin saja benar karena terdapat beberapa persamaan yang terdapat diantara beberapa struktur keduanya. Tetapi jika kita amati di antara keduanya pada era sekarang, sangat banyak sekali perbedaan karena adanya evolusi dan tingkat peradaban yang semakin berkembang. Tentunya ini sangat bertentangan dengan agama, karena menurut apa yang sering disampaikan oleh para ustadz di pengajian-pengajian bahwa kita (manusia) diciptakan oleh Allah SWT berasal dari tanah. Ketika kita meninggal kelak, maka kita kan dikuburkan dan akan kembali lagi ke wujud asal kita (tanah). Wallahu a'lam (hanya Allah yang Maha tahu).

Wahhh, takutnya ntar saya salah-salah ngomong, sebaiknya fokus lagi ke inti bahasan utama.

Beberapa teori yang berkembang berkaitan dengan asal usul kehidupan sebagai berikut:

1. Teori abiogenesis
Teori ini mempunyai pandangan bahwa keberadaan mahluk hidup berasal dari adanya perubahan materi tidak hidup menjadi materi hidup (mahluk hidup). Teori abiogenesis disebut juga sebagai generatio spontanea karena perubahan yang terjadi itu adalah perubahan yang spontan. Oleh penganut teori ini memberikan sebuah penelitian dimana sepotong daging yang disimpan di dalam wadah tertutup (tidak ada kehidupan), beberapa waktu lamanya akan muncul belatung. Akan tetapi teori ini banyak yang menentang karena contoh yang dipergunakan oleh penganut teori ini (Francisco Redi) tidaklah tepat. Mereka tidak menyadari bahwa daging yang mereka gunakan sebagai objek penelitian tersebut (daging) berasal dari mahluk hidup.

2. Teori biogenesis
Dengan adanya penolakan terhadap teori abiogenesis maka muncullah teori biogenesis yang merupakan kebalikan dari teori sebelumnya (teori abiogenesis). Teori ini berpandangan bahwa mahluk hidup berasal dari mahluk hidup sebelumnya (omne vivum ex vivo) atau adanya mahluk hidup berasal dari telur (omne ovum ex ovo).

Masuk akal bukan ?!

Seperti contoh yang salah yang dikemukakan pada teori abiogenesis tersebut dimana sepotong daging yang disimpan di dalam wadah tertutup kemudian beberapa waktu lamanya akan muncul belatung. Contoh tersebut lebih tepat dipergunakan untuk membuktikan teori biogenesis karena daging yang digunakan sebagai objek penelitian tersebut berasal dari mahluk hidup menghasilkan belatung yang merupakan mahluk hidup juga.

Hmmm, teori ini cukup melegakan dan dapat dijadikan sebagai sampel sederhana asal usul kehidupan. Namun apabila diteliti dan ditelaah lebih lanjut, ternyata teori biogenesis ini belum dapat menjawab asal mula mahluk hidup yang pertama ada di bumi tercinta ini.

3. Teori Cosmozoic
Teori berpandangan bahwa asal mula mahluk hidup di bumi ini berasal spora kehidupan yang berasal dari ruang angkasa. Teori ini lebih gila lagi dari teori sebelumnya (teori abiogenesis) dan tentunya tidak dapat diterima begitu saja. Hal ini diperkuat dengan pemikiran para ilmuwan pada saat itu bahwa meteor yang jatuh ke permukaan bumi saja akan mengalami pergeseran yang sangat dahsyat dan sangt hebat sehingga mengakibatkan timbulnya percikan api (hingga terbakar). Bercermin dari peristiwa jatuhnya meteor tersebut, meskipun jatuhnya spora kehidupan mengalami pergeseran tetapi tidak sehebat pergeseran jatuhnya meteor, tetap saja teori ini tidak dapat diterima.
4. Teori penciptaan (special creation)
 Teori ini mempunyai pandangan bahwa mahluk hidup diciptakan oleh Tuhan. Teori ini lebih diterima dan mendapat tempat utama hingga abad ke XVIII. Semakin berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan manusia masa itu, timbul modifikasi dengan ujud pernyataan bahwa yang diciptakan oleh Tuhan bukan mahluk hidup itu sendiri melainkan materi pembentuknya. Paham ini membicarakan proses perkembangan materi sampai akhirnya menjadi mahluk hidup, akan tetapi tanpa menyinggung dari mana asal mula materi pembentuknya.

5. Teori naturalis
Teori naturalis disebut juga sebagai teori neobiogenesis. Menurut teori ini, terbentuknya mahluk hidup pertama di bumi ini melalui serangkaian tahapan tertentu yang dimulai dari molekul-molekul CH4, H2, NH3, dan H2O yang terdapat pada atmosfir bumi bentuk purba. Dengan adanya bantuan energi seperti petir dan halilintar, molekul-molekul tersebut terjadi reaksi kimia sampai terbentuknya mahluk hidup. Untuk lebih jeasnya teori naturalis, akan saya bahas di postingan tersendiri.
 
Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat dijadikan sebagai panduan belajar biologi.

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